As the world marks International Women’s Day, Iraqi women reflect on significant achievements over the past two decades, though they continue to face numerous obstacles in achieving full rights. Legal, social, and political challenges persist, particularly in a society where patriarchal values remain deeply entrenched.
Political Achievements
Despite these challenges, Iraqi women have made remarkable progress in political representation. Since 2003, women now hold 96 seats in Iraq’s 329-seat Parliament. This is a historic achievement, as women have also secured positions such as Finance Minister and numerous roles in the judiciary and executive branches. Key laws supporting women have been passed, such as the Yazidi Female Survivors Law, which acknowledges the suffering of Yazidi women under ISIS. However, Bushra Al-Zuwaini, former Minister of State for Women’s Affairs, noted that legal gaps still need addressing. Iraq’s Penal Code remains discriminatory, and many laws, including the Personal Status Law, require urgent review to align with constitutional principles of equality.
Challenges in the Workforce
The workforce remains a challenging space for Iraqi women. Their participation rate is among the lowest in the Middle East and North Africa, standing at just 11%. Women face significant barriers, including legal discrimination, limited job opportunities, and a lack of support for work-life balance. Azhhar Al-Dulaimi, an activist, pointed out that working women face immense pressure, especially in a society that fails to consider their family responsibilities. Women are underrepresented in leadership positions, and their ability to participate in economic and political decision-making is severely limited by gender inequality.
Continued Rights Violations
Domestic violence and social violence against women persist, often compounded by traditional and tribal customs that undermine legal protections. Recent amendments to the Personal Status Law have weakened women’s rights, especially in areas like child custody and inheritance. Journalist Lina Ali criticized new laws that restrict women’s rights, such as the amendment that allows a man to take a second wife without the consent of his first wife. Ali also condemned female lawmakers who prioritize party interests over women’s rights, arguing that many women in Parliament are controlled by male-dominated political agendas.
Despite the progress, Iraq’s women continue to face significant struggles, and activists stress the urgent need for protective legislation. The political landscape remains a battleground for women’s rights, with obstacles at every level of society.
